On the Dynamic Behavior of Town Gas Pipelines

Aly El-Kafrawy

.

DOI: 10.4236/eng.2012.41005                

Abstract

Pipelines have been acknowledged as the most reliable, economic and efficient means for the transportation of gas and other commercial fluids such as oil and water. The designation of pipeline system as “lifelines” signifies that their operation is essential in maintaining the public safety and well being. A pipeline transmission system is a linear system which traverses a large geographical area, and soil conditions thus, is susceptible to a wide variety of hazards. This pa-per is concerned with the dynamic behavior of buried town gas pipelines. A computer model with a finite number of nodes is created to simulate the behavior of the real gas pipeline. The dynamic susceptibility method is applied for twenty mode shapes of this model, which utilizes the stress per velocity method and is an incisive analytical tool for screening the vibration modes of the system. It can be readily identified, which modes, if excited, could potentially cause large dynamic stresses. This paper discusses also two of the piping dynamic analyses, namely the effect of the response spectrum of an earthquake and the time history analysis of a truck crosses the pipeline.

Keywords

Piping Vibrations; Modal Analysis; Dynamic Susceptibility; Time History; Response Spectrum; Earthquakes

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Z.-F. Zhang, C.-J. Zhou and L.-Q. Xie, “Pipeline Vibration Reduction of Reciprocating Compressor,” J. of Pipeline Tech-nique and Equipment, Vol. 01, 2006. doi:cnki:ISSN:1004-9614.0.2006-01-006
[2]	C. Tao, X. Yu-jun, W. Ya-xin, and Y. Ming, “Analysis and Transforma-tion of the Vibration of Ketone-Benzol- Dewaxing Pipelines,” Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum & Chemical Technology, Vol. 02, 2007.
[3]	F. Chang-bo, Z. Lai-bin, W. Zhao-hui, and T. Yun, “Analysis of Reciprocating Compressor Gas Pipeline Vibration and Control Methods,” Journal of Sci-ence Technology and Engineering, Vol. 04, 2007.
[4]	G. Shan-chu, “Analysis on Pipeline Vibration and Anti-Vibration Measures,” Journal of Coal Technology, Vol. 09, 2004.
[5]	L. Changjun and W. Yuchun, “Analysis of the Vibration in Gas Pipeline System,” Journal of Natural Gas Industry, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2000, pp. 80-83.
[6]	T. Ping, “Analysis on Vibration of Gas Transmission Pipelines,” Journal of Natural Gas Industry, Vol. 01, 2005.
[7]	L. Jubao, Z. Xuehong, S. Hua, S. Chao, and Z. Qicheng, “Finite Element Analysis in Vibration and the Design of the Modified Version for High Pressure Pipe Sys-tem,” Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, Vol. 04, 1996.
[8]	T. Ping, “Analysis of Seismic Response for Gas Pipeline System,” Journal of Natural Gas Industry, Vol. 07, 2005.
[9]	B. Ridong and W. Bangchun, “Study on Seismic Response of Buried Pipeline in Liquefied Soil,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 04, 2008.
[10]	L. Guha and R.F. Berrones, “Earthquake Effect Analysis of Buried Pipelines,” The 12th International Confer-ence of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG), 2008, pp. 3957-396.
[11]	A. El-Kafrawy, “Modal Analysis of Free-Ends Buried gas Pipelines,” The 9th International Conference, Al-Azhar University, 2007, pp. 498-513.
[12]	A. El-Kafrawy, “The Dynamic Susceptibility of Fixed-Ends Buried Gas Pipe-lines,” The 10th International Mining, Petroleum, and Metal-lurgical Engineering Conference, Assiut University, 2007, pp. 64-83.
[13]	S. G. Kelly and S. K. Kudari, “Mechanical Vibra-tions,” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
[14]	G. Wempner and D. Talaslidis, “Mechanics of Sol-ids and Shells,” CRC Press LLC, 2003.
[15]	W. C. Young and R. G. Budynas, “Roak’s Formulas for Stress and Strain,” 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002.
[16]	K. T. Truong, “Evaluating Dynamic Stresses of a Pipeline,” Me-chanical & Piping Division, The Ultragen Group Ltd., 1999.
[17]	“Caepipe Users Manual,” Version 5.1, SST Sys-tems, Appendix E, 2003.
[18]	H. R. Harison and T. Nettleton, “Advanced Engineering Dynamics,” Arnold Hodder Headline Group, 1997.
[19]	M. L. Nayyar, “Piping Handbook,” 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[20]	M. Frankel, “Facility piping systems handbook,” 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002.
[21]	E. W. McAllister, “Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook,” 7th Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2009.
[22]	J. F. Doyle, “Modern Experimental Stress Analy-sis,” John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004. doi:10.1002/0470861584
[23]	P. K. Nukala, “Implementation of Modal Combination Rules for Response Spectrum Analy-sis,” The University of California, National Technical Informa-tion Service, 1999, pp. 1-28. doi:0.2172/10999
[24]	D. Dow-rick, “Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction,” 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2009. doi:10.1002/9780470747018
[25]	G. A. Antaki, “Piping and pipeline engineering,” 2005.
[26]	W. F. Chen and C. Scaw-thorn, “Earthquake Engineering Handbook,” CRC Press LLC, 2003.
[27]	V. R. Nieves, “Static and Dynamic Analysis of a Piping System,” M.Sc. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Ma-yagues Campus, 2004.
[28]	Chevron Philips Company LP, “Buried Pipe Design,” Appendix D: Book 2, Chapter 7, 2003, pp. 1-36.