The Influence of Surface Conditioning of Ceramic Restorations before Metal Bracket Bonding

Andreas Faltermeier, Piero Roemer, Claudia Reicheneder, Peter Proff, Thomas Klinke

.

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2012.31001                

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index of four different veneering ceramic materials to metal brackets. Additionally, it should be examined whether it is possible to overcome the etching method using hydrofluoric acid which is noxious. Instead of this treatment, air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide, silane coupling application and etching with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid as pre-treatment procedures of the veneering ceramics before bonding was investigated. Two surface conditioning methods of four ceramic materials before bonding brackets were examined: in group 1 an air particle abrasion with 25 μm aluminium trioxide (4 seconds at a pressure of 2.5 bars) and subsequently a silane coupling agent (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) was applicated on one side of each ceramic specimen (10 per group). In group 2 one side of each sample (10 per group) was etched with 37.0 per cent orthophosphoric acid for two minutes and was followed by a silane application (Espe Sil, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). After this procedure the self-ligating metal brackets SmartClip (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) brackets were bonded to the ceramic blocks and a thermocycling process started (5°C - 55°C, 6000 cycles). Then, shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were measured. To determine statistical differences Oneway-ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test were performed. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. On the basis of the results of the current study, it could be concluded that sandblasting with 25 μm aluminium trioxide and the use of orthophosphoric acid (37.0 per cent) seem to prepare the surface of the ceramic restoration sufficiently before bracket bonding. The found level of shear bond strength values seem be sufficient for bracket bonding. Hydrofluoric acid seems not to be justifiable anymore for preparing the surface of dental ceramic restorations before bracket bonding.

Keywords

Ceramic Resorations; Orthodontic Brackets; Aluminium Trioxide; Orthophosphoric Acid

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	M. G. Buonocore, “A Simple Method of Increasing the Adhesion of Acrylic Filling Materials to Enamel Surfaces,” Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1955, pp. 849-853. doi:10.1177/00220345550340060801
[2]	B. M. Bourke and W. P. Rock, “Factors Affecting the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets to Porcelain,” British Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1999, pp. 285-290. doi:10.1093/ortho/26.4.285
[3]	T. Türk, D. Sarac, Y. Sarac and S. Elekdag-Türk, “Effects of Surface Conditioning on Bond Strength of Metal Brackets to All-Ceramic Surfaces,” European Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 28, No. 5, 2006, pp. 450-456. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjl010
[4]	M. Ozcan, P. K. Vallittu, T. Peltomaki, M. C. Huysmans and W. Kalk, “Bonding Polycarbonate Brackets to Ceramic: Effects of Substrate Treatment on Bond Strength,” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vol. 126, No. 2, 2004, pp. 220-227. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.06.015
[5]	G. Trakyali, ?. Malkondu, E. Kazazoglu and T. Arun, “Effects of Different Silanes and Acid Concentrations on Bond Strength to Porcelain Surfaces,” European Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2009, pp. 402-406. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjn118
[6]	S. Karan, T. Büyükyilmaz and M. S. Toroglu, “Orthodontic Bonding to Several Ceramic Surfaces: Are There Acceptable Alternatives to Conventional Methods,” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vol. 132, No. 2, 2007, pp. 144.e7-144.e14.
[7]	P. Schmage, I. Nergiz, W. Herrmann, M. Ozcan, “Infulence of Various Surface-Conditioning Methods on the Bond Strength of Metal Brackets to Ceramic Surfaces,” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vol. 123, No. 5, 2003, pp. 540-546. doi:10.1067/mod.2003.S0889540602569110
[8]	M. Rosentritt, T. Plein, C. Kolbeck, M. Behr and G. Handel, “In Vitro Force and Marginal Adaption of Ceramic Crowns Fixed on Natural Artificial Teeth,” International Journal of Prosthodontics, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2000, pp. 387- 391.
[9]	M. G. Buonocore, “Retrospectives on Bonding,” Dental Clinics of North America, Vol. 25, 1981, pp. 241-255
[10]	J. R. Calamia, “Etched Porcelain Facial Veneers: A New Treatment Modality Based on Scientific and Clinical Evidence,” New York Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 53, No. 6, 1983, pp. 225-230.
[11]	T. Hayakawa, K. Horie, M. Aida, H. Kanaya, T. Kobayashi and Y. Murata, “The Influence of Surface Conditions and Silane Agents on the Bond of Resin to Dental Porcelain,” Dental Materials, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1992, pp. 238-240. doi:10.1016/0109-5641(92)90092-Q
[12]	J. Daub, D. W. Berzins, B. J. Linn and T. G. Bradley, “Bond Strength of Direct and Indirect Bonded Brackets after Thermocycling,” Angle Orthodontist, Vol. 76, No. 2, 2006, pp. 295-300.
[13]	I. Gillis and M. Redlich, “The Effect of Different Porcelain Conditioning Techniques on Shear Bond Strength of Stainless Steel Brackets,” American Journal of Orthodo- ntics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vol. 114, No. 4, 1998, pp. 387-392. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70183-0