Modelling the Biomass Growth and Enzyme Secretion by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete Chrysosporium in Presence of A Toxic Pollutant

Kausik Sen, Kannan Pakshirajan, Sitangshu Bikas Santra

.

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.31014                

Abstract

The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is well known for its ability to degrade toxic pollutants owing to its efficient extracellular ligninase system. However, biomass growth and enzyme secretion in presence of toxic pollutant is not well understood. In the present study, using the model azo dye Direct Red-80, biomass growth and lignin peroxidase secretion by the fungus was studied during its degradation and a stochastic based model was applied to simulate the behavior of the fungus. Also, glucose concentration in the medium was varied in order to observe its effect on the dye degradation. Results revealed that glucose at an optimum concentration of 10 gL^-1 is essential for biomass growth, LiP secretion, as well as the dye decolourization. Modeling the behavior of the fungus with the presence of both glucose and dye has shown significant similarity.

Keywords

Toxic Pollutant; Phanerochaete Chrysosporium; DR-80; Dye Decolourization; Stochastic Model; Lignin Peroxidase

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	B. K. Korbahti and M. A. Rauf, “Application of Response Surface Analysis to the Photolytic Degradation of Basic Red 2 Dye,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 138, No. 1-3, 2008, pp. 166-171. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.06.016
[2]	N. Aleboyeh, N. Daneshvar and M. B. Kasiri, “Optimiza- tion of C.I. Acid Red 14 azo Dye Removal by Electroco- agulation Batch Process with Response Surface Method- ology,” Chemical Engineering and Processing, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2008, pp. 827-832. doi:10.1016/j.cep.2007.01.033
[3]	M. M. Hassan and C. J. Hawkyard, “Ferral-Catalyzed Ozonation of Aqueous Dyes in a Bubble Column Reac- tor,” Catalysis Communications, Vol. 3, No. 7, 2002, pp. 281-286. doi:10.1016/S1566-7367(02)00121-8
[4]	S. H. Lin and M. L. Chen, “Treatment of Textile Waste- water by Chemical Methods for Reuse,” Water Research, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1997, pp. 868-876. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00318-1
[5]	J. A. Bumpus and B. J. Brock, “Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chryso- sporium,” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotech- nology, Vol. 54, No. 5, 1988, pp. 1143-1150
[6]	C. Cripps, J. A. Bumpus and S. D. Austin, “Biodegrada- tion of Azo and Heterocyclic Dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium,” Applied and Environmental Microbiol- ogy, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1990, pp. 1114-1118
[7]	D. K. Bakshi, K. G. Gupta and P. Sharma, “Enhanced Bio Decolourization of Synthetic Textile Dye Effluent by Phanerochaete chrysosporium under Improved Culture Conditions,” World Journal of Microbiology and Bio- technology, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1999, pp. 507-509. doi:10.1023/A:1008974513785
[8]	S. B. Pointing, “Feasibility of Bioremediation by White- Rot Fungi,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 57, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 20-33. doi:10.1007/s002530100745
[9]	K. Pakshirajan, S. Singh and A. Daverey, “Enhanced Decolourization of Direct Red-80 dye by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Employing Se- quential Design of Experiments,” Biodegradation, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2009, pp. 501-511.
[10]	U. Meyer, “Biodegradation of Synthetic Organic Colorants,” In: T. Leisinger, A. M. Cook, R. Hunter and J. Nu- esch, Eds., FEMS Symposium 12, Academic Press, Lon- don, 1981, pp. 371-385.
[11]	G. B. Michaels and D. L. Lewis, “Sorption and Toxicity of Triphenyl Methane Dyes to Aquatic Microbial Popula- tions,” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1985, pp. 45-50. doi:10.1002/etc.5620040107
[12]	A. M. El-Dein, J. A. Libra and U. Wiesmann, “Mecha- nism and Kinetic Model for the Decolorization of the Azo Dye Reactive Black 5 by Hydrogen Peroxide and UV Ra- diation,” Chemosphere, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2003, pp. 1069- 1077
[13]	N. M. Mahmoodi and M. Arami, “Numerical ?nite Vol- ume Modeling of Dye Decolorization Using Immobilized Titania Nanophotocatalysis,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 146, No. 2, 2009, pp. 189-193. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.05.036
[14]	T. K. Kirk and M. Tien, “Lignin Peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium,” Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 161, 1988, pp. 238-249. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(88)61025-1
[15]	S. C. Morris and P. J. Nicholls, “An Evaluation of Optical Density to Estimate Fungal Spore Concentrations in Water Suspensions,” Phytopathology, Vol. 68, No. 8, 1978, pp. 1240-1242. doi:10.1094/Phyto-68-1240
[16]	T. K. Kirk, M. Tien and P. J. Kersten, “Lignin Peroxidase from Fungi: Phanerochaete chrysosporium,” Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 188, 1990, pp. 159-171. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)88029-A
[17]	S. Linko and R. Haapala, “A Critical Study of Lignin Peroxidase Activity Assay by Veratryl Alcohol Oxidation,” Biotechnology Techniques, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1993, pp. 75-80. doi:10.1007/BF00151094
[18]	K. Sen, K. Pakshirajan and S. B. Santra, “Modeling the Biomass Growth and Enzyme Secretion by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: A Stochastic Based Approach,” (in Communication), 2011,
[19]	C. J. Mode, “Applications of Monte Carlo Methods in Biology, Medicine and Other Fields of Science,” InTech., Croatia, 2011.
[20]	M. Agrawal, S. B. Santra, R. Anand and R. Swaminathan, “Effect of Macromolecular Crowding on the Rate of Diffusion-Limited Enzymatic Reaction,” Pramana—Journal of Physics, Vol. 71, No. 2, 2008, pp. 359-368.