Study on Forest Protection and Development in Western Sichuan under the Background of Rural Revitalization—Taking Tangjiayuanzi, MIMU Town, Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu as an Example ()
1. Introduction
West Sichuan Linpan is the most representative form of settlement on the Chengdu Plain. It is a unique farming lifestyle in Sichuan. It has a good natural and human environment and carries the traditional farming civilization in West Sichuan. In the process of rapid urbanization, problems in the development of Linpan in western Sichuan have emerged one after another. In recent years, they have been threatened to varying degrees. Among them, the Linpan in the urban area has disappeared, and the Linpan adjacent to the urban area has been continuously expanded by urban space, industrial park construction, and large-scale agriculture. As a result, the forest area has been reduced, land use has changed, and the landscape has been destroyed. On March 27, 2019, in order to conscientiously implement the “Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022)” in accordance with actual conditions, the Chengdu Municipal Committee and Municipal Government officially issued the “Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization of Chengdu (2018-2022)”, which clarified the city’s rural areas. The revitalization schedule, road map, and mission statement have deployed major projects and major projects. This paper uses rural revitalization and development to study the protection and development of forests in western Sichuan. In 2020, Wang Yu’s master’s thesis “Research on the Application of Western Sichuan Forest Plate Cultural Landscape in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy” is mainly based on the cultural factors in the context of rural revitalization, using theoretical analysis, fieldwork, etc. The research on the value of cultural landscape has summed up the problems existing in the development of forestland cultural landscape construction at this stage [1] . In 2019, Tan Lin and Chen Lan conducted research on the protection and development model of Chenjiashui’s Linpan development in Shuangliu District, Chengdu, based on cultural themes, summarized the difficulties faced by Linpan development in Western Sichuan and proposed the development path of Linpan [2] . In 2019, Sun Dajiang conducted an in-depth study on the landscape image of forest plates in West Sichuan through a multi-dimensional perspective in his doctoral thesis “Research on the Landscape Image of Western Sichuan Forest Plates Based on Environmental Perception”. He Jianshe inspected and sorted out, and innovatively proposed the MDP (Multidimensional Perspective) landscape image measurement system and used it [3] . Most of these studies are from the perspective of culture and environmental perception. There is a lack of research on the protection model of the western Sichuan forest. The protection model is analyzed and summarized, and methods suitable for the protection and development of other western Sichuan forests are found, in order to effectively use the western Sichuan forests in the context of rural revitalization, promote the protection and development of the western Sichuan forests, and slow down the disappearance and decline of the forests.
2. Overview of Western Sichuan Linpan
2.1. Meaning of Forest Plate in Western Sichuan
Linpan in Western Sichuan is an organic integration of the farmyards in Chengdu Plain and hilly areas and the surrounding natural environment, forming a rural living environment. It is widely distributed in Southwest China with a long history and profound cultural heritage. So far, there is no unified standard for the definition of Western Sichuan Forest disk, but in recent years, many scholars have carried out research from many aspects of Western Sichuan Forest disk and given the definition of forest disk. Linpan refers to the traditional scattered settlements formed in some rural areas of Sichuan Province in the process of long-term social development. These settlements are organically integrated with the surrounding natural environment such as tall trees, bamboo forests, rivers and peripheral cultivated land to form a green island type of agricultural residential environment ecology. It is the embodiment of agricultural culture in Western Sichuan and constitutes the unique landscape style of rural settlements in Western Sichuan.
2.2. Rural Revitalization and Forest Plate in Western Sichuan
In 2017, in order to achieve the general goal of building a well-off society in an all-around way, the 19th CPC National Congress put forward the requirements of the Rural Revitalization Strategy. Chengdu has earnestly implemented and officially issued the strategic plan for Rural Revitalization of Chengdu (2018-2022). It is expected that a major breakthrough will be made in the Rural Revitalization of Chengdu in 2022. In terms of the protection and development of forest sites in Western Sichuan, it is expected to build 1000 forest settlements and 100 refined forest sites in Western Sichuan. The completion rate of forest construction in Western Sichuan, as a rigid scoring index for the standard evaluation of rural revitalization, requires the grass-roots government to complete the annual forest construction goal and develop the forest economy in combination with local characteristics.
3. Development of Linpan in Western Sichuan
3.1. Development of Western Sichuan Forest Plate
Western Sichuan Forest plate is a representative rural landscape in Western Sichuan, and carries the traditional agricultural civilization. However, in recent years, the development of forest plate has emerged one after another. The transfer of rural labor force to cities and the change of rural production and life style have led to the continuous destruction of traditional forest plates, which is mainly reflected in the sharp reduction of quantity and obvious changes in form [4] . A large number of forest disks are hollow, and the traditional forest disks are also disappearing. Under the overall development of urban and rural areas, the negative impact on forest disks is very serious. However, in recent years, many scholars have carried out research from the aspects of landscape ecology, morphology, structure and function of Linpan in Western Sichuan, trying to find a model for the protection and development of Linpan in Western Sichuan [5] . However, so far, the protection and development of forest discs in Western Sichuan have not formed a unified model.
3.2. The Causes of These Problems in Western Sichuan Linpan
There are a series of problems in the development of West Sichuan Forest plate, mainly because the new rural construction involves village integration and relocation, resulting in the destruction or abandonment of West Sichuan Forest plate and the gradual hollowing of villages [6] . With the development of modern science and technology, villagers have gradually built houses according to their own preferences, replaced by a new model. The spatial form and artistic conception of the original forest plate in Western Sichuan have been greatly damaged, and the natural and local pastoral scenery has gradually disappeared [7] . Many forest sites failed to suit measures to local conditions in the development, and the remedy was applied according to the local actual situation, resulting in the lack of local culture and the loss of their own characteristics.
4. The Status Quo of Forest Disks in Qingbaijiang District
In accordance with the requirements of rural revitalization and development, the cumulative target completion rate of rural greenways and western Sichuan forests is an important indicator of rural integrated development. Through the analysis of the distribution of Linpan in western Sichuan in Qingbaijiang District of Chengdu, the status quo of Linpans in Qingbaijiang District is sorted out, studied and analyzed, and the development status of Linpan in Qingbaijiang District is summarized.
4.1. The Number and Scale of Forest Stocks Are Constantly Decreasing
As a port open to the outside world in the western region, Qingbaijiang gives full play to the advantages of railway port, and its economy is developing rapidly. The traditional agricultural production mode is gradually promoting to a large-scale and industrialized agricultural production mode, and the scattered lifestyle of rural residents is gradually changed by the new rural construction under the Rural Revitalization.
4.2. Summary of the Development of Linpan in Western Sichuan in Qingbaijiang District
5. Conservation and Development of Tangjia Yard Forest Plate in Miu Town, Chengdu City under the Background of Rural Revitalization
The danger of gradual disappearance of Linpan in western Sichuan has attracted the attention of the government and scholars. As the rural revitalization strategy of Chengdu is in full swing, various places in Chengdu are actively exploring ways and means to revitalize the countryside. Linpan is a unique farming culture in western Sichuan. In response to the call for rural revitalization, Tang Yard in Mimou Town, Chengdu City has explored a new model that adapts to local protection and development in the protection and development of Linpan in Western Sichuan.
5.1. Protection of Forest Layout and Historic Buildings
The protection of Linpan is similar to the protection of traditional villages. Linpan needs to be designed and planned in various forms. It is also very meaningful to be able to respect the overall forest landscape and to implant new elements. The protection of Linpan does not only pay attention to the old appearance of Linpan, but also takes into full consideration the current situation of Linpan, the actual living conditions of residents, and formulates corresponding protection methods in accordance with the requirements of modern life. Tang Yard implemented a series of protection measures for Linpan based on local actual conditions.
1) For the forest plots with outstanding characteristics and important ecological, landscape and social values, the existing quality is relatively good, and the ones with less damage are listed for protection, unified supervision, and the environment is renovated to create a comfortable and livable forest plot life space.
2) For the forest houses with better characteristics, but with poor infrastructure or construction facilities, improvements will be made to make them a post mainly composed of forest houses to mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses for participation.
3) For hollow Linpan, dilapidated houses with poor construction quality and thick facilities, they are updated in accordance with the requirements of modern life. Through the development of characteristic catering, the Linpan industry is enriched, so that the production and life value of Linpan can be reflected.
5.2. The Development Model of Tang Yard Forest Plate under the Background of Rural Revitalization
The development model of Linpan is not fixed. Based on field inspections and data research, we found that Baima Village, Mi Mou Town, Chengdu City is a typical scattered courtyard village with a large area. It is inconvenient for villagers to go to the party service center. An important issue for the whole village. Tang Yard Linpan is located in Group 4 of Baima Village, Mi Mou Town, with a planned area of 191 acres and a population of 47 households with 147 people. The forest inventory is centered on the theme of “Shuxiang White Horse and Heroes Gathering”, creating a “One Belt and Three Districts”, one area: 4 groups of rural greenways in Baima Village, and three areas: gourmet dining area, pastoral sightseeing area, and comprehensive service area. Featured forest dishes such as beef miscellaneous hot pot, firewood chicken, rake loach, and Niuquan coffee tea have been initially formed, and an industrial center has been constructed. The supporting lotus pond impression project has begun to take shape.
There are mainly three types of forest development models in Tang Yard:
1) The “Post Station+” model extends the management of Linpan nostalgia.
Through the establishment of the “White Horse Village Post”, the functions of “party building, village governance, and people’s livelihood services” were submerged in the forest courtyard. “Poststation + Courtyard” takes the post as the main unit, connects the small units of the forest courtyard, and establishes the organization at the lower level to build a “zero gap” grid system; the “post + autonomy” uses the post as the management unit to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and participation of the masses. Strengthen the main consciousness of the masses, achieve co-construction, co-governance, and co-management, and promote the governance of “zero blind spots” forest courtyards; “post station + service” takes the post station as the functional unit, extends the service system, opens up the “last meter” of connecting and serving the masses, and builds “Zero Distance” service brand; “Post Station + Development”, with the post station as the contact platform, guide the crowd to raise the “idea”, and build a village-enterprise linkage and service platform.
2) “Crowdfunding+” model to develop Linpan specialty catering
Adhere to the dominant position of the masses and promote the participation mechanism of crowdfunding. Labor “crowdfunding”. Always put the “mass subject” in the first place, give full play to the role of the courtyard management committee, summarize and promote the “post night talk”, “yard dam dam meeting” and other models with high acceptance and wide participation by the masses, and guide the masses to fulfill the village regulations and the people’s agreement. Actively solicit opinions and suggestions on forest protection and development.
Since 2019, forest land regulation, trench cleaning, and sanitation around courtyards have all been implemented spontaneously by the masses; funds are “crowded”. Take villagers’ voluntary equity participation, crowd-raising funds to start village characteristic industries and stimulate villagers’ enthusiasm for entrepreneurship. Under the guidance of the village party committee and the voluntary mode of the masses, according to the standard of 5000 yuan/person/share, and the total shareholding of no more than 200 shares, crowdfunding to open a hot pot catering company. The hot pot company hires professional catering companies to operate, and shareholders share dividends to effectively solve the financial pressure in the development of some industries, and effectively promote the implantation of the agricultural tourism industry. There are 4 Linpan restaurants in operation, and the average monthly turnover of hot pot alone is 150,000 yuan; resources are “crowded”. Make full use of the existing collective construction land resources and vacant homesteads. While doing a good job of market analysis and location analysis, we should find out the background of the rural family, attract the combination of agriculture and tourism, such as coffee and tea, garden hot pot and other projects to settle in, and develop rural tourism.
3) “Ecology+” model, enriching the forest industry form
Forest disk restoration always maintains the principles of ecological development and maintains a beautiful forest disk shape. Integrate project resources, take the improvement of human settlements as the starting point, integrate sewage treatment, household toilet renovation, garbage classification and renovation projects, implement infrastructure renovation and upgrade, and comprehensively improve the rural form; integrate high-quality resources. Give full play to the characteristics of halal food in Mimu Town, introduce food projects in Linpan courtyard catering, and actively combine rice-fishing integrated planting and breeding, soilless organic vegetable projects and Tongwei fish projects that have been agreed upon, to provide fresh ingredients.
6. Forest Protection Model in Western Sichuan under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Building ecologically livable and beautiful villages is an important part of rural revitalization and development, and rural tourism is the most important focus of rural revitalization and the construction of beautiful villages. The Tang Yard in Mimo Town, Chengdu, is based on its own unique historical and natural environment, relying on rural tourism to carry out rural governance, cultural planning, and industrial planning to restore, protect and develop forest culture [8] . Through the analysis of the Linpan protection model of Tang Yard, combined with the current development of Linpan in Chengdu, with the background of rural revitalization and development, we explored the model of protection and development of Linpan in western Sichuan.
1) In the context of rural revitalization, the forest protection in Western Sichuan mainly takes “rural post station” as the basic carrier, innovates the organizational revitalization mode, pilot builds rural scattered courtyards into rural post stations, establishes hospital management committee, and improves the self-management and service of forest yards. Establish the management and protection system of forest yard, determine the corresponding management and protection area of villagers, and let villagers consciously share the responsibility of forest yard management and protection.
2) By excavating unique culture, combining characteristic culture with traditional culture, further extending the connotation of cultural revitalization, carrying out local unique forest plate cultural activities, and displaying unique courtyard culture. Enhance the cultural value of forest plate by implanting unique culture.
3) By carrying out the environmental improvement of forest yards, constantly improve the infrastructure construction, renovate irrigation ditches and household roads, build the management system of forest yards, create forest characteristic industries, and develop the forest settlement economy based on forest culture, landscape, ecology and other resources.
7. Summary
As the crystallization of important agricultural civilization on Chengdu Plain, Linpan in Western Sichuan has the landscape spatial attribute with extremely regional characteristics. It has its own unique understanding in terms of spatial use value and spatial aesthetic value. Now, after thousands of years of development, the Western Sichuan Forest plate has continued to this day. In the future development process of this traditional civilization, it is more necessary to combine with the National Rural Revitalization policy, excavate the value of the forest plate on the premise of protection, activate the Western Sichuan Forest plate by using characteristic industries, emphasize sustainable development, carry forward the local unique forest plate culture and carry forward the local traditional characteristics. Finally, the protection and development of West Sichuan Forest plate will be realized.