Author(s)

Siqin Zhaorigetu¹, Priyanka Prathipati², Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo^3,4, Brian L. Walton^2*, Anil K. Sood^4,5,6, Gabriel Berestein-Lopez^3,4,5

¹Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
²Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
³Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁴The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁶Department of Gynecology Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Background: Atherosclerosis, which is the principal cause of heart attacks and strokes, is the leading cause of death in the United States. Various biological processes such as apoptosis and autophagy are involved in almost every stage of atherosclerosis, which could lead to plaque instability causing stroke and death. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine released by macrophages and is involved in multiple disease conditions including stroke. However, the association of FABP4 with macrophage apoptosis and autophagy in atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that silencing FABP4 protein could be a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate macrophage apoptosis and autophagy thereby minimizing plaque instability in atherosclerosis. Methods: RAW264 mouse macrophage cells were transfected with siRNA control liposome quantum dots (QD), siFABP4 liposome QD at the concentration of 150 μg/ml total lipids, or TNF-α at 100 ng/ml. Western blot and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis were completed. Results: Inhibiting the translation of FABP4 blocked the apoptotic pathway as evidenced from the increased expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-xL and BCL-2 along with reduced expression of BAX and activated Caspase 3 levels. Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels were also reduced with knocking down FABP4 indicating the attenuation of autophagy. Conclusion: Targeting FABP4 protects against macrophage processes associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, Apoptosis, Liposomes, Macrophages, FABP4

Zhaorigetu, S. , Prathipati, P. , Rodriguez-Aguayo, C. , Walton, B. , Sood, A. and Berestein-Lopez, G. (2019) Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 Silencing Attenuates Atherosclerosis Progression by Affecting Macrophage Apoptosis and Autophagy. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 7, 99-109. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2019.77008.