Author(s)

Huguette Cecile Mafo Yangoua^1,2, Boris Gabin Kingue Azantsa^1*, Dieudonne Kuate^1,3, Françoise Raissa Ntentie^1,4, Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo^1,2, Jacob Tchinda Nkougni¹, Boris Ronald Tonou Tchuente^1,2, Judith Laure Ngondi¹, Julius Oben¹

¹Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.
²Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, IMPM, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon.
³Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
⁴Higher Teaching’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20 - 65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p < 0.05). In addition, total cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL-c (p < 0.05) level, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-c/HDL-c were higher among obese than normal weight individuals. Hypercholesterolemia (19.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (11.64%), combined dyslipidemia (3.40%) and the atherogenic profile (Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio > 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%) was the main lipid abnormality found, independently of gender, age, fat location. Waist circumference (WC) unlike body mass index (BMI) and body fatness was associated to hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Low HDL-cholesterolemia and high atherogenic risk profile are more prevalent amongst Cameroonian adults. Promotion of healthy lifestyle including good eating habits shall be encouraged to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease complications.

Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Atherognic Risk, Lipid Markers, Cameroon

Yangoua, H. , Azantsa, B. , Kuate, D. , Ntentie, F. , Nguedjo, M. , Nkougni, J. , Tchuente, B. , Ngondi, J. and Oben, J. (2019) Characterization of Dyslipidemia and Assessment of Atherogenic Risk amongst Cameroonian Living in Yaounde: A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 7, 35-50. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2019.77004.