Author(s)

Fairuz Aniqa Salwa, Muhammad Mominur Rahman, Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury

Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The properties of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) composed of germanium (Ge) are discussed. We investigate polarization-dependent photonic band diagrams (transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations), gap maps, surface plots, contour maps, etc. for 2D PCs with Ge rods in air and vice versa for two different lattices geometries, namely hexagonal and honeycomb lattices. The obtained graphs for the four possible combinations are presented in this paper. All the graphs depict clear photonic band gaps. The conditions for the largest TE and TM band gaps are described. The honeycomb lattice of Ge rods in air background offers a large complete photonic band gap Δω/ω_m greater than 8% (for rod radius of r = 0.2 μm). Using these data, new Ge based photonic devices can be fabricated to confine, control and manipulate light in a more useful way.

Photonic Crystals, Transverse Electric Modes, Transverse Magnetic Modes, Photonic Band Diagram, Gap Map, Hexagonal Lattice, Honeycomb Lattice

Salwa, F. , Rahman, M. , Rahman, M. and Chowdhury, M. (2019) Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: The Hexagonal and Honeycomb Lattices. Optics and Photonics Journal, 9, 25-36. doi: 10.4236/opj.2019.93004.