Author(s)

O. P. Gopolang, M. W. Letshwenyo^*

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana.

Waste stabilisation pond system has been used more especially in developing countries for sewage treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydraulic and performance efficiency of Palapye waste stabilisation ponds. The hydraulic efficiency was evaluated through drogue, pond geometry and sludge accumulation assessment. The performance efficiency was evaluated through periodic sampling and analysis of physiochemical and bacteriological parameters of individual units and of the system as a whole. Except for the maturation ponds, the depth of the anaerobic pond had reduced from 4 m to 0.45 m, for facultative ponds from 2.0 m to a range of 0.52 m - 0.91 m. The design hydraulic retention time of the system had reduced from 20 days to 7.1 days. The concentration of some physiochemical parameters in the effluent was 305 mg·L^-1, 277 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), 204 mg·L^-1, 156 mg·L^-1, 110 mg·L^-1, and 15 mg·L^-1 being total suspended solids, turbidity, nitrates, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and phosphate respectively. These values were more than the standard limits of the country. Effluent total coliforms concentration was 3.6 log units and within the threshold of 4.3 log units, faecal coliforms concentration was 3.5 log units, slightly higher than the threshold of 3 log units. Though Escherichia coli have no limits for discharge into other environments, the concentration in the effluent was reasonable at 2.5 log units and also within irrigation limit of 3 log counts. Palapye wastewater treatment system hydraulic efficiency is lower than the design criterion. The system was overall poor in physiochemical parameters removal but better in bacteriological removal.

Hydraulic Efficiency, Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Length to Width Ratio, Pond Geometry

Gopolang, O. and Letshwenyo, M. (2018) Performance Evaluation of Waste Stabilisation Ponds. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 1129-1147. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.1011067.