Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Sanguinaria canadensis Native to South Dakota - Open Access Library Journal

OALibJ > Vol.4 No.12, December 2017

Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Sanguinaria canadensis Native to South Dakota ()

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DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1104160 598 Downloads 1,662 Views Citations

Author(s)

Gitanjali NandaKafle^1*, R. Neil Reese¹, Robert Oda²

Affiliation(s)

¹Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
²Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.

ABSTRACT

A methanolic extract of Sanguinaria canadensis rhizome contains a mixture of benzophenanthridine alkaloids with the major component sanguinarine. American Indians used this rhizome in the treatment of rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, lung ailments, fever, and warts. Lethal diarrhea in neonatal and post-weaned pigs due to enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli (ETEC) is a major problem among the swine producers of South Dakota region. The increasing resistance of ETEC towards synthetic antibiotics is a matter of concern. Our aims in this study were I) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract of S. canadensis against ETEC II) to evaluate the cytotoxicity activity against porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines and III) to quantify the amount of sanguinarine in the rhizome of S. canadensis native to South Dakota. The MIC value was found to be 6.25 mg/mL against ETEC whereas the 100% inhibition of IPEC-J2 cells was found to be at 0.312 mg/mL. The total amount of alkaloids in this plant was found to be 1247 mg in 100 gm of fresh plant material whereas the amount of sangunarine was 559.64 mg in 100 gm of fresh plant material. The percentage of sangunarine in fresh plant material was 0.55% and in total alkaloid is 44.8%. Our results showed that S. canadensis has antibacterial effect against E. coli but it is toxic to IPECJ2 cells in vitro. It is important to carry out an in vivo animal study to confirm its further use as feed supplements.

KEYWORDS

Antibacterial Activity, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Cytotoxicity, Alkaloids, Sanguinarine

Share and Cite:

NandaKafle, G. , Reese, R. and Oda, R. (2017) Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Sanguinaria canadensis Native to South Dakota. Open Access Library Journal, 4, 1-15. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1104160.

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