Author(s)

Jakob Friis Schmidt^1,2*, Lars Juel Andersen³, Jacob Uth⁴, Therese Hornstrup^2,4, Jesper Christensen⁴, Julie Midtgaard^4,5, Klaus Brasso⁶, Peter Krustrup^7,8, Mikael Rørth⁹, Peter Riis Hansen¹

¹Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
²Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
⁴The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
⁵Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
⁷Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Great Britain.
⁸Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
⁹Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone in prostate cancer (PCa) management that prolongs PCa-free and overall survival, but effects of ADT on human cardiac function have not been investigated. We used echocardiography to examine cardiac structure and function in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT and to determine whether an exercise intervention can elicit cardiac adaptations in these subjects. Methods: Forty-three patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT were randomized to 12 weeks football training (ST group; n = 20) or usual care (control [CO] group; n = 23). Cardiac function was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks by comprehensive echocardiography. Peak oxygen consumption, blood pressure and peripheral microvascular function was also measured. Results: At baseline, no considerable echocardiographic abnormalities were observed. In the ST group, increases in left ventricular diastolic function variables including E/A ratio (P = 0.03), E’ (P = 0.016), E’_TDIcolor (P = 0.040) and in left atrial diameter (P = 0.001) were observed after 12 weeks. In addition, diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.027) and resting heart rate (P < 0.001) were reduced after ST. In the CO group, no significant changes were observed in the examined variables after 12 weeks. Despite within group changes in the ST group, no significant differences were observed after 12 weeks between groups in echocardiographic variables, peak oxygen consumption, blood pressure and peripheral microvascular function. Conclusion: In men with prostate cancer receiving ADT, echocardiography showed no abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. Twelve weeks of ST failed to elicit significant cardiovascular adaptations and ADT may blunt cardiovascular adaptations to short-term exercise training.

Prostate Cancer, Exercise, Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular

Schmidt, J. , Andersen, L. , Uth, J. , Hornstrup, T. , Christensen, J. , Midtgaard, J. , Brasso, K. , Krustrup, P. , Rørth, M. and Hansen, P. (2017) Cardiac Structure and Function in Men with Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy and the Effects of Recreational Small-Sided Football Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 7, 308-322. doi: 10.4236/wjcd.2017.79029.