Review on Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Control - Open Access Library Journal

OALibJ > Vol.3 No.3, March 2016

Review on Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Control ()

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DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1102504 1,687 Downloads 5,874 Views Citations

Author(s)

Adem Mume Jemal

Affiliation(s)

School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious zoonotic disease of domestic animals and humans. It is characterized by formation of granulomas in tissue especially the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, intestines and the kidneys. Mycobacterium bovis is the main etiological agent of BTB (Bovine tuberculosis) which is an acid fast staining bacterium due to waxy substance (mycolic acid) present in its bacterial cell wall. The bacteria can be transmitted by both aerogenous and enterogenous routes. In Ethiopia bovine tuberculosis is endemic and mostly transmitted to humans through ingestion of unpasteurized contaminated milk and contact with infected animals. Disease causes development of miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, obstructions of air passages and alimentary tract or blood vessels and enlargement of lymph nodes. A spectrum of Cell-Mediated Immune responses (CMI) predominate infection, projecting the role of macrophages and T-cell populations. In advanced stage, there is increased humoral response. Tuberculinization test, single intradermal test and comparative intradermal test, is the valuable delayed type hyper sensitivity test used for diagnosing TB in live animal, and used in TB eradication and for international trade. Vaccination of calves with attenuated bovine-strain of tuberculosis bacterium, known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) and testing and culling are important measure in BTB control and prevention endemic area like Ethiopia. It is important to pasteurize milk before human consumption to reduce public health risk.

KEYWORDS

Mycobacterium Bovis, Bovine, Zoonotic Disease, Control

Share and Cite:

Jemal, A. (2016) Review on Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Control. Open Access Library Journal, 3, 1-13. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1102504.

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