Author(s)

Caroline Yonaba^1*, Angèle Kalmogho¹, Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo², Madi Nacoulma¹, Kigocha Okengo³, Flore Ouédraogo¹, Chantal Zoungrana¹, Aissata Kabore^1,4, Fla Koueta⁴, Ludovic Kam¹

¹Département de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
²Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
³Neurology Service, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
⁴Service de Pédiatrie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Ocular manifestations among HIV infected children are diverse and global incidence varies from 7% to 75%. At this age, eye lesions are often unnoticed because of the incapacity to express eye discomfort. The purpose of this study is to describe ocular manifestations among HIV-infected children and hence associated factors in the Department of Paediatrics at the Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted between July 2014 and December 2014. A complete ophthalmic examination was systematically done to all HIV-positive children attending the clinic, as part of their routine medical visit. The most recent socio-demographic, clinical, biological and treatment data were registered. Seventy-nine children had an ocular examination and among them 92.4% were on ARV treatment. The incidence of ocular manifestations was 46.7%. Median age was 8 years old (interquartile 6 - 12 years old). Sex ratio was 1.3. The risk of ocular manifestations involvement among boys was twice than that of girls. More than half (59.5%) of children who had ocular problems had not expressed ocular discomfort. Ocular adnexal lesions were more common (35.4%) compared to eye segments (8.9%) lesions. Anterior segment and posterior segment lesions were statistically associated with immune system depression (p = 0.003 and 0.001). However, this relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). Five out of seven children who had eye fundus lesions had CD4 count <350 cells/mm³. Ocular manifestations were very common among HIV infected children in our context. Ophthalmic examination should be systematic at admission and regularly repeated during follow-up.

Paediatric HIV, Ocular Manifestations, Ouagadougou

Yonaba, C. , Kalmogho, A. , Sondo, K. , Nacoulma, M. , Okengo, K. , Ouédraogo, F. , Zoungrana, C. , Kabore, A. , Koueta, F. and Kam, L. (2016) Ocular Manifestations among HIV Infected Children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Open Journal of Pediatrics, 6, 185-190. doi: 10.4236/ojped.2016.62027.