Author(s)

Francisco Pedraza-Ordoñez^1,2, Luis Mauricio Montoya-Florez^1,2, Camilo Bulla³, Noeme Sousa Rocha^1,4

¹Department of Veterinary Clinics, Laboratory of Investigative and Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista FMVZ-UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
²Animal Pathology Research Group, Animal Health Department, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
³Department of Pathology/Population Medicine-Mississippi, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA.
⁴Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista–UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, Brazil.

Background: Several animal models, including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived, while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms. Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.

Celular Senescence, Prognostic Markers, Immunohistochemical, Mammary Cancer, Animal Model

Pedraza-Ordoñez, F. , Montoya-Florez, L. , Bulla, C. and Rocha, N. (2015) Analisys of Immunohistochemical Prognostic Markers in Canine Mammary Cancer and Its Relation to Postsurgical Survival. Open Journal of Pathology, 5, 90-99. doi: 10.4236/ojpathology.2015.53013.