ABSTRACT
Static
cosmology has been abandoned almost a century ago because of phenomena which
were unexplained at those times. However, that scenario can be revived with the
modern findings of gravitational forces, coming from outside of the “luminous
world”, tugging on our universe. These unexplained phenomena were: the redshift,
the CMB, and Olbers’ paradox. All these can now be explained, as done in the
present manuscript. 1) The observed redshift, which is commonly attributed to
the Doppler effect, can also be explained as a gravitational redshift. Thus, the
universe is not expanding, as has also been described in recent publications, thereby,
making the “Big Bang” hypothesis unnecessary. 2) Gravitation is induced by
matter, and at least some of the distant matter is expected to be luminous. That
electro-magnetic emission is extremely redshifted, and thus perceived by us as
CMB. CMB is not necessarily a historic remnant related to the “Big Bang”, rather
it is the redshifted light, coming from extremely distant luminous matter. 3) According
to Olbers’ paradox, the night sky is expected to be bright. The sky looks dark
because the light coming from extremely faraway light sources, out of our
visible universe, is extremely redshifted. Therefore it is perceived by us as
CMB. As in the cosmological literature many problems with the “Big Bang”
hypothesis have been described, where as the problems with the static universe
model are resolved in the present manuscript, the static state scenario should
be renovated.