Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Even in the best hands, complications may occur. Clinically significant hemorrhagic complications associated usually to previous papillotomy are uncommon. Subcapsular hepatic hematoma is excepcional, with only twenty cases described. We present a case of a 52-year-old man who developed a large subcapsular liver hematoma following a therapeutic ERCP. Due to serious anemization and hemodynamic instability, arterial embolization and finally urgent surgical evacuation of the hematoma were performed. In the postoperative period the patient presented infection of the collection, which indicated colocation of percutaneous drainage and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and gradually recovered.