The current study has examined by which cognitive factors at the field of phonological and visual processing, rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness, contribute to reading and decoding abilities among typical and poor native Arabic readers. In the current study, the performances of two groups of participants, typical and poor readers were compared through tasks that examined their performance with regard to the areas of functions mentioned above in addition to other tasks that examined their performance in reading meaningful and pseudo words. The study’s results have indicated that the visual and phonological processing skills play an important role in reading among typical and poor readers as well. Moreover, it was found that the visual and phonological processing skills of participants with poor reading skills were lower in comparison to participants with typical reading abilities.