Author(s)

Michael A. Persinger

Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.

The discrepancy between the observed and expected estimates from universal constants of mass-energy within the universe is in the order of a factor of ~10. Discrepancies between numerical solutions between the models of Dirac, Szydowski-Godlowski, and Friedman could be accommodated by the gnomonic solution of 0.44 for a square that displays both linearity and curvature (flare). This value is also reflected in dimensionless parameter A, the term for 4D-G (gravitational constant) transformation, and the optimal k in Friedman’s universe. One interpretation from G? (density), as-suming an effective average mass of 1 proton/m3 as a universal, one-particle force, is that dark solutions reflect the matter yet to occur in the open cold matter model of ~90 billion years.

Dark Matter; Gravity; Physical Cosmology; Square Gnomon; Age of Universe

M. Persinger, "Convergent Calculations That Dark Solutions Are Reflective of Mass-Energy yet to Occur," International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2012, pp. 125-128. doi: 10.4236/ijaa.2012.23017.